Plant metabolite 5-pentadecyl resorcinol is produced by the Amazonian fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679 / O metabólito vegetal 5-pentadecil resorcinol é produzido pelo fungo amazônico Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679

Since the classic studies of Alexander Flemming, Penicillium strains have been known as a rich source of antimicrobial substances. Recent studies have identified novel metabolites produced by Penicillium sclerotiorum that have antibacterial, antifouling and pharmaceutical activities. Here, we report the isolation of a P. sclerotiorum (LM 5679) from Amazonian soil and carry out a culture-based study to determine whether it can produce any novel secondary metabolite(s) that are not thus-far reported for this genus. Using a submerged culture system, secondary metabolites were recovered by solvent extract followed by thin-layer chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy. One novel secondary metabolite was isolated from P. sclerotiorum (LM 5679); the phenolic compound 5-pentadecyl resorcinol widely known as an antifungal, that is produced by diverse plant species. This metabolite was not reported previously in any Penicillium species and was only found once before in fungi (that time, in a Fusarium). Here, we discuss the known activities of 5-pentadecyl resorcinol in the context of its mode-of-action as a hydrophobic (chaotropicity-mediated) stressor.

Desde os estudos clássicos de Alexander Flemming, as cepas de Penicillium são conhecidas como uma fonte rica em substâncias antimicrobianas. Estudos recentes identificaram novos metabólitos produzidos pela espécie Penicillium sclerotiorum com atividades antibacteriana, anti-incrustante e farmacêutica. Aqui, relatamos o isolamento de uma colônia de P. sclerotiorum (LM 5679) do solo amazônico e relatamos também o estudo baseado em cultura para determinar se ele pode produzir qualquer novo metabólito (s) secundário (s) que não foram relatados até agora para este gênero. Usando um sistema de cultura submerso, os metabólitos secundários foram recuperados por extrato de solvente seguido por cromatografia em camada delgada, ressonância magnética nuclear e espectroscopia de massa. Um novo metabólito secundário foi isolado de P. sclerotiorum (LM 5679); o composto fenólico 5-pentadecil resorcinol que é amplamente conhecido como um antifúngico que é produzido por diversas espécies de plantas. Este metabólito não foi relatado anteriormente em nenhuma espécie de Penicillium, e foi encontrado apenas uma vez em fungos (Fusarium). Aqui, discutimos as atividades conhecidas do 5-pentadecil resorcinol no contexto de seu modo de ação como um estressor hidrofóbico (mediado pela caotropicidade).

A double-blind, randomized, placebo- and positive-controlled phase III trial of 1% benvitimod cream in mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Benvitimod cream, a novel synthetic small molecule, was effective in treating mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis. We conducted a phase III clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of benvitimod cream in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.@*METHODS@#We randomly assigned 686 patients (2:1:1) to receive 1% benvitimod cream, 0.005% calcipotriol ointment or placebo twice a day for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy end points were the percentage of patients with a 75% or greater reduction from baseline in the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI 75) score and with a score of 0 or 1 in static physician's global assessment (sPGA) at week 12.@*RESULTS@#The results showed that 50.4% of patients in the benvitimod group achieved PASI 75, which was significantly higher than that in the calcipotriol (38.5%, P < 0.05) and placebo (13.9%, P < 0.05) groups. The proportion of patients achieving an sPGA score 0 or 1 was 66.3% in the benvitimod group and 63.9% in the calcipotriol group, which were both significantly higher than that in the placebo group (34%, P < 0.05). In the long-term follow-up study, 50.8% of patients experienced recurrence. After retreatment with 1% benvitimod, 73.3% of patients achieved an sPGA score of 0 or 1 again at week 52. Adverse events included application site irritation, follicular papules, and contact dermatitis. No systemic adverse reactions were reported.@*CONCLUSION@#During this 12-week study, benvitimod cream was demonstrated with high effectiveness and safety in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ChiCTR-TRC-13003259; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=6300.

Antibacterial sorbicillin and diketopiperazines from the endogenous fungus Penicillium sp. GD6 associated Chinese mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza / 中国天然药物

One new sorbicillin derivative, 2-deoxy-sohirnone C (1), one new diketopiperazine alkaloid, 5S-hydroxynorvaline-S-Ile (2), and two naturally occurring diketopiperazines, 3S-hydroxylcyclo(S-Pro-S-Phe) (3) and cyclo(S-Phe-S-Gln) (4), together with three known compounds were isolated from the Chinese mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. GD6. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with literature data. The absolute configuration of 3-hydroxyl moiety in 3 was determined by Mosher's method, while the absolute stereochemistry of 2 and 4 was established by comparison with the CD spectra of natural and synthesized diketopiperazines. Compound 1 showed moderate antibacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC value of 80 μg·mL.

Antibacterial sorbicillin and diketopiperazines from the endogenous fungus Penicillium sp. GD6 associated Chinese mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza / 中国天然药物

One new sorbicillin derivative, 2-deoxy-sohirnone C (1), one new diketopiperazine alkaloid, 5S-hydroxynorvaline-S-Ile (2), and two naturally occurring diketopiperazines, 3S-hydroxylcyclo(S-Pro-S-Phe) (3) and cyclo(S-Phe-S-Gln) (4), together with three known compounds were isolated from the Chinese mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. GD6. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with literature data. The absolute configuration of 3-hydroxyl moiety in 3 was determined by Mosher's method, while the absolute stereochemistry of 2 and 4 was established by comparison with the CD spectra of natural and synthesized diketopiperazines. Compound 1 showed moderate antibacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC value of 80 μg·mL.

Pruebas bioquímicas para la detección de metabolitos producidos en los errores innatos del metabolismo / Biochemical tests for the detection of metabolites produced in inborn errors of metabolism / Provas bioquímicas para a detecção de metabólitos produzidos nos erros inatos do metabolismo

Los errores innatos del metabolismo (EIM) son más de 550 enfermedades en las que se presenta una deficiencia o ausencia de proteínas con actividad enzimática, transportadora, receptora o estructural. Cada una de estas enfermedades es rara, pero su gran variedad hace que, consideradas en conjunto, sean la principal patología neonatal. Para la detección de los metabolitos producidos en los EIM se pueden utilizar pruebas cualitativas. Su utilidad radica en que son muy rápidas y de fácil acceso, y en que sirven como pruebas presuntivas para proceder a hacer exámenes más especializados o para enfocar el diagnóstico. Teniendo en cuenta su importancia para un diagnóstico temprano de los EIM, el objetivo del presente artículo es describir el funcionamiento de las pruebas bioquímicas de resorcinol, dinitrofenilhidrazina, nitrosonaftol, nitroprusiato y Hoesch, haciendo énfasis en los metabolitos que detectan.

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are more than 550 diseases in which there is a deficiency or absence of proteins with enzymatic, transporter, receptor or structural activity. Individually these diseases are rare, but because of their wide variety they are, considered together, the largest neonatal disease. To detect metabolites produced in IEM qualitative tests can be used. They are easily accessible and fast to carry out, and serve as presumptive elements before proceeding to more specialized tests or to focus diagnosis. Given their importance for the early diagnosis of IEM, this article aims to describe the functioning of the following biochemical tests: dinitrophenylhydrazine, resorcinol, nitrosonaphtol, nitroprusside and Hoesch, emphasizing in the metabolites that they detect.

Os erros inatos do metabolismo (EIM) são mais de 550 doenças nas que se apresenta uma deficiência ou ausência de proteínas com atividade enzimática, transportadora, receptora ou estrutural. Cada uma destas doenças é rara, mas sua grande variedade faz que, consideradas em conjunto, sejam a principal patologia neonatal. Para a detecção dos metabólitos produzidos nos EIM se podem utilizar provas qualitativas. Sua utilidade radica em que são muito rápidas e de fácil acesso, e em que servem como provas presuntivas para proceder a fazer exames mais especializados ou para enfocar o diagnóstico. Tendo em conta sua importância para um diagnóstico precoce dos EIM, o objetivo do presente artigo é descrever o funcionamento das provas bioquímicas de resorcinol, dinitrofenilhidrazina, nitrosonaftol, nitroprusiato e Hoesch, fazendo ênfases nos metabólitos que detectam.

DFT for exploring the antioxidant potential of homogentisic and orsellinic acids

In recent years, much attention has been focused on the antioxidant potential of different phenolic acids. But still no theoretical investigation is reported on the antioxidant potential of Homogentisic and Orsellinic acids. In this study, computational investigation based on the density functional theory [DFT] has been carried out to understand the antioxidant potential of Homogentisic and Orsellinic acids. The bond dissociation enthalpy [BDE] of O-H, spin densities and electronic properties such as dipole moment, ionization potential, electron affinity, HOMO and LUMO energies, electronegativity, electrophilic index, energy gap, softness and hardness have been calculated. These properties show that both phenolic acids are good antioxidants. Comparison of BDE of Homogentisic and Orsellinic acids with many other phenolic acids also indicate the good antioxidant potential of these compounds. Homogentisic acid has very high antioxidant potential due to the presence of semiquinone structure. This study will be helpful for the better utilization of these compounds in pharmaceutical and food industry

Study on effect of Curculiginis Rhizoma and its active ingredient on PXR-CYP3A of L02 cells in different states / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To define the effect of Curculiginis Rhizoma and its active ingredient orcinol glucoside on PXR-CYP3A of L02 cells in normal and deficiency-cold states, in order to lay a foundation for studies on the mechanism of efficacy expression differentiation of Curculiginis Rhizoma in different states.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Serums of normal and deficiency-cold rats were adopted to culture L02 cells and induce cells in normal and deficiency-cold states. After aqueous extracts from Curculiginis Rhizoma and its active ingredient orcinol glucoside were used in cells in different states, PXR protain expression and CYP3A activity of L02 cells in normal and deficiency-cold states were observed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>MTT results showed that aqueous extracts from Curculiginis Rhizoma and orcinol glucoside could significantly enhance viability of L02 cells. Aqueous extracts from Curculiginis Rhizoma could significantly reduce PXR protein expression of L02 cells in normal state, while orcinol glucoside could significantly reduce CYP3A activity and PXR protein expression of L02 cells in normal state. Meanwhile, aqueous extracts from Curculiginis Rhizoma could significantly increase CYP3A activity and PXR protein expression of L02 cells in deficiency-cold state, while orcinol glucoside could significantly reduce CYP3A activity and increase PXR protein expression of L02 cells in deficiency-cold state.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Curculiginis Rhizoma can activate PXR and induce CYP3A activity of L02 cells in deficiency-cold state, but with no effect or even counteraction on PXR and its induced CYP3A of L02 cells in normal state.</p>

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activation protects against pulmonary arterial hypertension through improving early endothelial function and mediating cytokines levels / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Increasing evidences indicate that an activated renin-angiotensin system (RAS) causes an imbalance between the vasoconstrictive and vasodilator mechanisms involving the pulmonary circulation leading to the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a primary component of the vasoprotective axis in RAS, is recently identified that it has regulatory actions in lung pathophysiology, but the mechanism in these processes is uncertain yet.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Severe PAH was induced by monocrotaline injection one week following pneumonectomy in rats. The activation of ACE2 by continuous injection of resorcinolnaphthalein was studied by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting and fluorogenic peptide assay. Endothelial functions were evaluated by the response to acetylcholine and cytokines were measured by RT-PCR seven days after monocrotaline injection. The PAH-related hemodynamics and pathological changes were examined at day 21 when severe PAH was completely established.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Resorcinolnaphthalein caused significant activation of ACE2 in both normal and diseased rats in 7 days after treatment. The pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) started to increase at least 7 days after monocrotaline injection, and the rats developed severe PAH in 21 days with high PAP, right ventricular hypertrophy and neointimal formation. Treatment with resorcinolnaphthalein prevented these features. Resorcinolnaphthalein caused an improved endothelia-dependent vasorelaxation and decrease in proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-6) and increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the early stage of the pathogenesis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These results demonstrated that activation of ACE2 by continuous injection of resorcinolnaphthalein prevented the development of PAH through improving early endothelial dysfunction and mediating the level of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.</p>

Topical Hypopigmenting Agents for Pigmentary Disorders and Their Mechanisms of Action

Melanin is produced in melanocytes and stored in melanosomes. In spite of its beneficial sun-protective effect, abnormal accumulation of melanin results in esthetic problems. Hydroquinone, competing with tyrosine, is a major ingredient in topical pharmacological agents. However, frequent adverse reactions are amongst its major limitation. To solve this problem, several alternatives such as arbutin, kojic acid, aloesin, and 4-n-butyl resorcinol have been developed. Herein, we classify hypopigmenting agents according to their mechanism of action; a) regulation of enzyme, which is subdivided into three categories, i) regulation of transcription and maturation of tyrosinase, ii) inhibition of tyrosinase activity, and iii) post-transcriptional control of tyrosinase; b) inhibition of melanosome transfer, and c) additional mechanisms such as regulation of the melanocyte environment and antioxidant agents.

Determination of atranol, lecanorin, ethyl orsellinate and methyl orsellinate in Usnea diffracta by RP-HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a RP-HPLC method for determining the contents of atranol, lecanorin, ethyl orsellinate and methyl orsellinate in Usnea diffracta.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A Kromasil-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was used at 25 degrees C with the mobile phases of acetonitrile -1% acetic acid in a gradient manner. The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 280 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The correlation coefficients of atranol, lecanorin, ethyl orsellinate, and methyl orsellinate were higher than 0.999. Recoveries were from 102.9% to 95.30%; with RSD from 2.3% to 1.9%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is quick, simple and repeatable for simultaneous determination of atranol, lecanorin, ethyl orsellinate and methyl orsellinate in U. diffracta.</p>

Antiproliferation and Redifferentiation in Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines by Polyphenol Phytochemicals

Thyroid carcinogenesis is accompanied by loss of thyroid-specific functions and refractory to radioiodine and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy. Redifferentiating agents have been shown to inhibit tumor growth and improve the response to conventional therapy. Polyphenol phytochemicals (PPs) in fruits and vegetables have been reported to inhibit cancer initiation, promotion, progression and induce redifferentiation in selected types. In this study we examined PPs induce redifferentiation in thyroid cancer cell lines. We investigated the effects of genistein, resveratrol, quercetin, kaempferol, and resorcinol on the F9 embryonal carcinoma cell differentiation model. The thyroid cancer cell lines, TPC-1, FTC-133, NPA, FRO, and ARO, displayed growth inhibition in response to genistein, resveratrol, quercetin. We further demonstrated that genistein decreased the dedifferention marker CD97 in NPA cells and resveratrol decreased CD97 in FTC-133, NPA, FRO cells and quercetin decreased CD97 in all cell lines. We observed increased expression of differentiation marker NIS in FTC-133 cells in response to genistein, and resveratrol but no change in NPA, FRO, ARO cells. Quercetin increased or induced NIS in FTC-133, NPA, FRO cells. These findings suggest that PPs may provide a useful therapeutic intervention in thyroid cancer redifferentiation therapy.

Morphology of collagen fibers and elastic system fibers in actinic cheilitis.

Background: Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a premalignant condition intimately related to exposure of the lips to sun rays. Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the elastic and collagen fibers in the lamina propria of AC. The degree of epithelial atypia was correlated with the quantity of elastic and collagen fibers. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one cases were investigated. One slide was stained with hematoxylin-eosin for the evaluation of atypia, the second was stained with Weigert's resorcin-fuchsin for the assessment of elastic fibers, and the third slide was stained with Mallory's trichrome for the analysis of collagen fibers. Results: Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the presence of atypia and collagen fibers (P<0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that there seems to be a reduction in the quantity of collagen fibers in cases of moderate and severe atypia. No correlation was observed between the degradation of elastic system fibers and the grade of dysplasia.

Activation of mGluRI in neutrophils promotes the adherence of neutrophils to endothelial cells / 生理学报

L-glutamate (Glu) is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Relatively much attention has been paid to functional expression of Glu signaling molecules in peripheral tissues very recently. The present study tested the hypothesis that the activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluRI) in neutrophils stimulated neutrophils adherence to endothelial cells by increasing the surface expression of certain adhesion molecules. Peripheral blood was obtained by venipuncture from healthy donors, and the neutrophils were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation. Neutrophils floating into DMEM/F12 culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum were then used immediately. Immunocytochemistry and real-time quantitative RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of mGluRI (mGluR1 and mGluR5) in neutrophils. The adherence of neutrophils to cultured human normal umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVE-12) was measured by the colorimetric method. Cell surface expression of adhesion molecule CD11a in the neutrophils was determined by flow cytometry. Immunocytochemistry and real-time quantitative RT-PCR showed that mGluR1 and mGluR5 were constitutively expressed in neutrophils. Application of mGluRI agonist S-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (S-DHPG) (1x10(-8)-1x10(-6) mol/L) showed a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on the adherence of neutrophils to HUVE-12 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), with a maximum effect at 1x10(-6) mol/L (P<0.01). Incubations as short as 30 min were sufficient to induce increased adherence after the beginning of S-DHPG treatment. Following time extension (0.5-5 h), S-DHPG (1x10(-6) mol/L) increased the rate of neutrophils adhesion to HUVE-12 with a maximum effect at 0.5 h (P<0.01). However, a time-dependent effect of S-DHPG on the rate of neutrophils adhesion to HUVE-12 was not observed during the experimental period. 1x10(-6) mol/L of S-DHPG also induced an increased surface expression of adhesion molecule CD11a (P<0.01) when neutrophils were preincubated with 1x10(-6) mol/L of S-DHPG for 1 h. Furthermore, the specific mGluRI antagonist (RS)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine ((+/-)-MCPG, 0.5 mmol/L) significantly abolished the stimulatory effect of S-DHPG (1x10(-6) mol/L) on the adherence of neutrophils to HUVE-12 (P<0.01). These results suggest that the activation of mGluRI in neutrophils results in increased adhesion molecule CD11a expression and thereby promotes the adherence of neutrophils to endothelial cells.

The Use of Single-pass Albumin Dialysis to Correct Severe Hyperbilirubinemia in Acute Hepatitis A: A Case Report / 대한신장학회지

In cases of acute liver failure or acute or chronic liver failure, extracorporeal albumin dialysis utilizing a Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System has been used to treat liver failure and to reduce serum total bilirubin concentrations as a bridge therapy until either liver transplantation or spontaneous recovery. However, the procedure is expensive and is not easily administered in clinical practice. Recently, single pass albumin dialysis (SPAD) using continuous renal replacement therapy was introduced, but information is scarce regarding its efficacy in controlling serum bilirubin. The authors report a case of acute hepatitis A, in which SPAD was performed to correct severe hyperbilirubinemia.

The Efficacy and Safety of 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% Cream for the Treatment of Melasma: A Randomized Controlled Split-face Trial

BACKGROUND: Melasma is a common acquired symmetrical hypermelanosis that occurs on sun-exposed areas, and it is frequently observed among women. Various treatment modalities have been tried, but none are completely satisfactory. 4-n-butylresorcinol, which is a resorcinol derivative that has an inhibitory effect on both tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1, was introduced in 1995 and it has received increasing attention as a new hypopigmenting agent. However, the hypopigmenting effect of 4-n-butylresorcinol in human subjects has only been shown in a few studies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the hypopigmenting efficacy and safety of 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% cream for the treatment of melasma. METHODS: Twenty patients with melasma were enrolled to this randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, split-face comparative study. The patients were instructed to apply 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% cream or vehicle to each side of the face twice daily for 8 weeks. Mexameter measurements were performed along with photography at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Adverse events were observed and recorded throughout the study. RESULTS: All the patients completed the study. Mexameter measurements demonstrated that the melanin index of the treated side showed a significant decrease when compared with that of the vehicle-treated side after 4 weeks (p=0.006) and after 8 weeks (p<0.0005). All the adverse reactions were mild and transient. CONCLUSION: 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% cream showed rapid efficacy and it was well tolerated when used for the treatment of melasma.

A Case of Allergic Contact Dermatitis Caused by a Duoderm Extrathin? Dressing / 대한피부과학회지

Allergic reaction to different fruits and vegetables has frequently been described, but an allergic reaction to mango fruit, including its sap, pericarp, stems and leaves, has rarely reported in the literature. Mango dermatitis, although not common, is the term for allergic contact dermatitis caused by mango. The Mango plant is found worldwide, and the plant shares chemical compounds that are similar to other substances of the Anacardiaceae plant. The substances uroshiol and cardol cause the allergic contact dermatitis. Any case of allergic contact dermatitis with eating mango fruit has not been reported in the Korean dermatologic literature. Here we report the first case of mango contact dermatitis in a 20-years-old female and this happened when she drank mango juice.

Chemical constituents from herb of Pholidota cantonensis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of Pholidota cantonensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were isolated and purified on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, Chromatorex ODS column chromatography and the structures were determined based on the spectral and chemical evidences.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Four compounds were obtained and characterized as pholidonone (1), ephemeranthoquinone (2), orchinol (3), batatasin III (4).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>They have been isolated from this plant for the first time and pholidonone (1) was a new compound.</p>

Chemical constituents from barks of Garcinia tetralata / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of the barks of Garcinia tetralata.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were isolated and purified repeatedly by silica gel and ODS column chromatography and their chemical structures were elucidated by their physicochemical properties and spectral data analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Ten compounds were obtained and identified as 1, 7-dihydroxyxanthone (1), buchanaxanthone (2), garciniaxanthone H (3), 1, 2, 5-trihydroxyxanthone (4), subelliptenone H (5), 6-desoxyjacareubin (6), 6-deoxyisojacreubin (7), subelliptenone G (8), methyl orsellinate (9) and beta-sitosterol (10).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1-10 were isolated from this plant and compound 9 was obtained from the genus Garcinia for the first time.</p>

Estudo experimental comparativo entre o butil-2-cianoacrilato, a mistura gelatina-resorcina-formaldeído e sutura na estabilização de enxertos de cartilagem em coelhos / Comparison of butyl-2-cyanocrylate, gelatin-resorcin-formaldehyde (GRF) compound and suture in stabilization of cartilage grafts in rabbits

Os enxertos de cartilagem constituem-se em boa opção técnica para aprimoramento das rinoplastias. Procura-se um material para sua fixação que seja de simples manuseio, e que provoque mínima reação tecidual. OBJETIVO: Comparar o uso do butil-2-cianoacrilato, mistura gelatina-resorcina-formaldeído (GRF) e sutura na estabilização de enxertos de cartilagem em coelhos. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Experimental. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Utilizaram-se 15 coelhos adultos da raça Nova Zelândia machos, de cujas orelhas foram ressecados 6 enxertos de cartilagem, fixados no periósteo da calvária e unidos dois a dois com sutura, GRF e cianoacrilato. Após 2, 6 e 12 semanas, grupos de 5 coelhos foram sacrificados e realizou-se avaliação da distância de deslocamento do enxerto e análise histológica do processo inflamatório tecidual e da adesão/deformidade das cartilagens. RESULTADOS: Houve deslocamento menor nas fixadas com GRF do que com cianoacrilato e sutura. O processo inflamatório foi maior nos animais de 2 semanas, decaindo até restar pequeno grau de fibrose em 12 semanas, de modo semelhante nas 3 fixações. Não houve descolamento nem deformidade em nenhuma dupla de cartilagens fixada com sutura e o maior número de cartilagens descoladas e deformadas se deu com o cianoacrilato. O número de cartilagens deformadas foi diretamente proporcional ao número de descoladas. Os dados foram significativos estatisticamente (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A mistura gelatina-resorcina-formaldeído mostrou ser um método de estabilização de enxertos de cartilagem em coelhos superior ao butil-2-cianoacrilato em todas as fixações, e à sutura na fixação cartilagem-osso.

Cartilage grafting is an interesting option for rinoplasties refinements. AIM: to compare butyl-2-cyanocrylate, compound gelatin-resorcin-formaldeyide (GRF) and suture control to determine the efficacy of these tissue glue preparations in securing grafted cartilage. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental. METHODS: Fifteen male adult New Zealand rabbits were submitted to a surgical procedure to harvest 6 auricular cartilage grafts from each animal. 2 of these grafts in each animal were glued together with butyl-2-cyanocrylate, 2 with compound gelatin-resorcin-formaldehyde and 2 sewn together with nylon suture. These sandwich grafts were then glued or sewn to the periosteum of the calvaria. After 2, 6 and 12 weeks, groups of 5 animals were sacrificed and histological analysis for inflammation was performed. Cartilage graft migration, adhesion and deformities of the grafts were also evaluated. RESULTS: there was less migration of the cartilages glued with GRF than with cyanoacrylate and suture. There was no statistical difference between the 3 materials of graft stabilization in relation to the inflammatory reaction in all evaluated periods. There wasn't detachment neither deformity in the cartilage sandwiches sewed with suture. The majority of detachment and deformed cartilages were found among those glued with cyanoacrylate. The number of deformed cartilages was directly related to the number of detached cartilages. The data were statistically significant (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: the compound gelatin-resorcin-formaldehyde revealed to be a stabilization material for cartilage grafts in rabbits better than butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. The compound gelatin-resorcin-formaldeyide was also better than the suture when comparing it's fixation to the periosteum.

Bioactive isomalabaricane triterpenes isolated from marine sponge Rhabdastrella aff. distincta / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of the marine sponge Rhabdastrella aff. distincta.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were obtained by normal phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, reverse phase chromatogrophy and methylation method. These structures were determined on the basis of IR, MS, NMR spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eight compounds were isolated from bioactive CH3Cl fraction and identified as geoditin A (1), geoditin B (2), stellettin A (5), stellettin B (4), stellettin C (3), stellettinE (7), rhabdastrellic acid A (8) and the methyl ester of stellettin E (6).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All these compounds were obtained from this species for the first time.</p>